Comparative Study of Hydrogen and Carbon Isotopic Composition of Gases Generated from the Pyrolysis of a Peat under Saltwater and Freshwater Conditions     

WU Yingzhong  DUAN Yi  ZHAO Yang  CAO Xixi  MA Lanhu  QIAN Yaorong  LI Zhongping  XING Lantian 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(5):1879-1887

To understand the influence of the diagenetic water medium on the isotopic compositions of thermogenic coalbed gas, both hydrous and anhydrous closed-system pyrolyses were performed at temperatures of 250°C to 650°C on an herbaceous marsh peat. Compared to the results of anhydrous pyrolysis, the hydrocarbon gases generated from hydrous pyrolyses have very different hydrogen isotopic compositions. However, the carbon isotopic compositions of the hydrocarbon gases became only slightly heavier in hydrous pyrolysis, compared to that from anhydrous pyrolysis. With the progress of thermal evolution from peat to a more advanced thermal maturity of vitrinite reflectance values (Ro) of 5.5% during the pyrolysis, the difference in the average δD value increased from 52‰ to 64‰ between the hydrous pyrolysis with saltwater and anhydrous pyrolysis and increased from 18‰ to 29‰ between the hydrous pyrolysis with freshwater and anhydrous pyrolysis, respectively. The difference in the average δ13C value was only 1‰–2‰ between the hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis. The relationships between the δD values of the generated hydrocarbon gases and Ro values as well as among δD values of the hydrocarbon gas species are established. The close relationships among these parameters suggest that the water medium had a significant effect on the hydrogen isotopic composition and a minimal effect on the carbon isotopic composition of the hydrocarbon gases. The results of these pyrolyses may provide information for the understanding of the genesis of coalbed gas from herbaceous marsh material with the participation of different diagenetic water media.  相似文献   

软土区旋喷式插筋微型桩工艺试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴越琛  王进明  陆舟超 《探矿工程》2018,45(12):74-78

软土地质条件下建筑物的沉降变形和承载力要求越来越高,对基础施工工艺提出了较高要求。在高压旋喷施工工艺的基础上,提出旋喷式插筋微型桩施工工艺,开展了微型桩工艺试验研究,结果表明该工艺大幅提高了单桩桩基承载性能,为实际工程应用提供了技术数据支持。  相似文献   

北京西北城区一次重污染过程中PM₁₀的氧化损伤能力研究     

席春秀  邵龙义  吴凡  常玲利  李杰 《岩石矿物学杂志》2018,37(3):492-496

为评估大气重污染期间北京市可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))的毒性,采集2016年3月份一次大气重污染过程中北京市大气PM_(10)样品,应用质粒DNA损伤评价法来研究其氧化损伤能力。结果表明,雾霾期间PM_(10)对DNA的损伤率高于雾霾逐渐消退时期,远高于雾霾前期清洁天,颗粒物对DNA损伤率随剂量的增加而增加。雾霾前后PM_(10)水溶样品的平均TD_(20)值表现为雾霾前清洁天(788.01μg/mL)雾霾消退后期(470.40μg/mL)雾霾期间(55.78μg/mL),说明氧化能力雾霾期间雾霾消退后期雾霾前清洁天。另外通过雾霾前后数据对比得到,暴露毒性指数TI大小顺序为雾霾期间(13 245.06)雾霾消退后期(1 658.87)雾霾前清洁天(254.08),说明雾霾期间PM_(10)对人体危害更大。  相似文献   

Using climate to relate water discharge and area in modern and ancient catchments     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(4):1378-1389

Models relating sediment supply to catchment properties are important in order to use the geological record to deduce landscape evolution and interplay between tectonics and climate. Water discharge (Q _w) is an important factor in the widely used ‘BQART ’ model, which relates sediment load to a set of measurable catchment parameters. Although many of the factors in this equation may be independently estimated with some degree of certainty in ancient systems, water discharge (Q _w) certainly cannot. An analysis of a world database of modern catchments with 1255 entries shows that the commonly applied equation relating catchment area (A ) to water discharge (Q _w = 0·075A^0·8) does not predict water discharge from catchment area well in many cases (R ² = 0·5 and an error spanning about three orders of magnitude). This is because the method does not incorporate the effect of arid and wet climate on river water discharge. The inclusion of climate data into such estimations is an opportunity to refine these estimates, because generalized estimates of palaeoclimate can often be deduced on the basis of sedimentological data such as palaeosol types, mineralogy and palaeohydraulics. This paper investigates how the relationship between catchment area and river discharge varies with four runoff categories (arid, semi‐arid, humid and wet), which are recognizable in the geological record, and modifies the coefficient and exponent of the above‐mentioned equation according to these classes. This modified model yields improved results in relating discharge to catchment area (R ² = 0·95 and error spanning one order of magnitude) when core, outcrop or regional palaeoclimate reconstruction data are available in non‐arid systems. Arid systems have an inherently variable water discharge, and catchment area is less important as a control due to downstream losses. The model here is sufficient for many geological applications and makes it possible to include variations in catchment humidity in mass‐flux estimates in ancient settings.  相似文献   

元素分析仪-同位素比值质谱测量碳氮同位素比值最佳反应温度和进样量的确定   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

徐丽  邢蓝田  王鑫  李中平  毛俊丽 《岩矿测试》2018,37(1):15-20

沉积有机质的碳氮稳定同位素值是进行古气候、古环境及生态系统研究不可或缺的主要研究手段,目前碳氮同位素主要利用元素分析仪-同位素比值质谱(EA-IRMS)系统来测定。EA-IRMS测定过程中的反应温度及样品进样量直接影响反应物在测试中的燃烧程度,从而影响测试数据的精度。本文利用EA-IRMS技术,以标准样品为参考,在不同转化温度下测试碳氮同位素值,研究保证测试精度的最佳反应温度条件;同时,通过分析不同含氮量样品的检测限,明确了样品含氮量与最低检测限之间的关系,确定了精确测定氮同位素值的最低进样量。结果表明:反应温度对测试精度有显著影响,在碳同位素测定时,将反应温度设定为900℃或以上时测试精度均能达到±0.2‰;氮同位素测定时,反应温度须设定为950℃时测试精度才能达到±0.3‰。实验得出样品含氮量与检测限之间的线性相关性为R2=0.873,开展氮同位素测定时可根据此关系来判断和控制进样量。  相似文献   

全球LNG海上运输网络演化及中国贸易现状分析     

梅强  胡勤友  刘希亮  赵瑞娜  杨春  王鹏  戚玉玲  杨洋  袁启睿 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(9):1701-1716

随着“碳达峰”、“碳中和”发展目标的提出,液化天然气（Liquefied Natural Gas,简称LNG）作为清洁低碳能源逐渐受到能源市场的重视。在此背景下,重点分析LNG海上运输网络演化模式,对掌握全球能源格局动态和中国的进口贸易现状具有重要意义。本文利用船舶轨迹数据和复杂网络理论,聚焦2018—2020年全球LNG海上运输网络演化趋势;同时针对中国的贸易现状,重点分析中国LNG进口来源、主要进口港分布及进口量排名前三的进口港的货源流入状况。结果表明：① 2018—2020年,全球LNG海上运输网络呈扩大趋势,并呈现出“无标度”特性;同时骨干网络节点连接的“广度”和“深度”正在增强,全球LNG贸易存在趋于垄断的风险;② “一带一路”国家贸易参与度强,中北美、南亚和东南亚地区的进口港数量和进口航次数增长尤为明显,萨贝塔、邦尼按照贸易出口量排名已进入全球前八;③ 网络的平均最短路径值在2018—2020年逐年递增,“转运港”业务新模态逐渐兴起;截止到2020年共有21个转运港口参与LNG贸易中,美国占据全球转运的主导地位;④ 中国的LNG进口货量规模发展迅速,海上运输网络流向趋于多元,但澳大利亚仍占据主要来源地位;按照进口量统计天津港、深圳港和永安港排名前三,“减碳”压力促使经济发达地区建设接收站并且不断增大进口量。  相似文献   

岩石锚桩基础的承压力与抗拔力之应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄皖平 《安徽地质》2005,15(4):318-320

根据“110kV绩溪-旌德”线路现场设计及施工情况,系统总结了岩石锚桩基础在中风化、强风化的山区中的应用经验,分析了工程设计中锚筋内力、锚桩承载力和粘结力之间关系,合理采用计算公式,获得较好效果。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Lake Breezes and Their Impacts on Energy and Carbon Fluxes in Mountainous Areas     

Lujun XU  Huizhi LIU  Qun DU  Yang LIU  Jihua SUN  Anlun XU  Xiaoni MENG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(4):603-614

In mountainous lake areas, lake–land and mountain–valley breezes interact with each other, leading to an "extended lake breeze". These extended lake breezes can regulate and control energy and carbon cycles at different scales. Based on meteorological and turbulent fluxes data from an eddy covariance observation site at Erhai Lake in the Dali Basin,southwest China, characteristics of daytime and nighttime extended lake breezes and their impacts on energy and carbon dioxide exchange in 2015 are investigated. Lake breezes dominate during the daytime while, due to different prevailing circulations at night, there are two types of nighttime breezes. The mountain breeze from the Cangshan Mountain range leads to N1 type nighttime breeze events. When a cyclonic circulation forms and maintains in the southern part of Erhai Lake at night, its northern branch contributes to the formation of N2 type nighttime breeze events. The prevailing wind directions for daytime, N1, and N2 breeze events are southeast, west, and southeast, respectively. Daytime breeze events are more intense than N1 events and weaker than N2 events. During daytime breeze events, the lake breeze decreases the sensible heat flux(Hs) and carbon dioxide flux(F_{CO_2}) and increases the latent heat flux(LE). During N1 breeze events, the mountain breeze decreases Hs and LE and increases F_{CO_2}. For N2 breeze events, the southeast wind from the lake surface increases Hs and LE and decreases suppress carbon dioxide exchange.  相似文献   

The First Global Carbon Dioxide Flux Map Derived from TanSat Measurements     

Dongxu YANG  Yi LIU  Liang FENG  Jing WANG  Lu YAO  Zhaonan CAI  Sihong ZHU  Naimeng LU  Daren LYU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(9):1433-1443

Space-borne measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations provide global observation constraints for top-down estimates of surface carbon flux.Here,the first estimates of the global distribution of carbon surface fluxes inferred from dry-air CO_2 column (XCO_2) measurements by the Chinese Global Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Scientific Experimental Satellite (Tan Sat) are presented.An ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) data assimilation system coupled with the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model is used to optimally fit model simulations with the Tan Sat XCO_2 observations,which were retrieved using the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon dioxide retrieval Algorithm for Satellite remote sensing (IAPCAS).High posterior error reduction (30%–50%) compared with a priori fluxes indicates that assimilating satellite XCO_2 measurements provides highly effective constraints on global carbon flux estimation.Their impacts are also highlighted by significant spatiotemporal shifts in flux patterns over regions critical to the global carbon budget,such as tropical South America and China.An integrated global land carbon net flux of 6.71±0.76 Gt C yr~(-1) over12 months (May 2017–April 2018) is estimated from the Tan Sat XCO_2 data,which is generally consistent with other inversions based on satellite data,such as the JAXA GOSAT and NASA OCO-2 XCO_2 retrievals.However,discrepancies were found in some regional flux estimates,particularly over the Southern Hemisphere,where there may still be uncorrected bias between satellite measurements due to the lack of independent reference observations.The results of this study provide the groundwork for further studies using current or future Tan Sat XCO_2 data together with other surfacebased and space-borne measurements to quantify biosphere–atmosphere carbon exchange.  相似文献   

大气气溶胶中的铁及其溶解度研究综述          下载免费PDF全文

齐宇轩  周杨 《山东气象》2021,41(2):1-13

生物活性铁(Fe) 进入生物地球化学循环中能够调节碳循环,影响海洋初级生产力,间接影响全球气候变化。决定 Fe生物可利用度的关键因子是可溶Fe含量,其中大气气溶胶的长距离传输是上层海洋获取生物可利用Fe的重要来源。近年来,对气溶胶中的Fe及溶解度的研究取得了重要进展,包括对不同区域Fe质量浓度和溶解度的观测以及对Fe溶解度影响因素的讨论。基于以上研究成果,汇总了近二十年全球部分陆地和海洋站点观测所得的不同粒径气溶胶颗粒物中的Fe质量浓度及其溶解度数据;重点介绍了气溶胶沉降入海洋前影响Fe溶解度的主要因素,包括Fe的来源、大气物理过程以及大气化学和传输混合过程等,并就各影响因素间的关联及相对重要性展开讨论;对未来气溶胶 Fe的研究方向和方法提出建议。  相似文献